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Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014New and reemerging infectious diseases call for innovative and efficient control strategies of which fast vaccine design and development represent an important element.... (Review)
Review
New and reemerging infectious diseases call for innovative and efficient control strategies of which fast vaccine design and development represent an important element. In emergency situations, when time is limited, identification and use of correlates of protection (COPs) may play a key role as a strategic tool for accelerated vaccine design, testing, and licensure. We propose that general rules for COP-based vaccine design can be extracted from the existing knowledge of protective immune responses against a large spectrum of relevant viral and bacterial pathogens. Herein, we focus on the applicability of this approach by reviewing the established and up-coming COPs for influenza in the context of traditional and a wide array of new vaccine concepts. The lessons learnt from this field may be applied more generally to COP-based accelerated vaccine design for emerging infections.
Topics: Bacterial Vaccines; Biomarkers; Drug Design; Drug Discovery; Humans; Time Factors; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 25424803
DOI: 10.4161/hv.28639 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Mar 2018As nanoparticles exhibit unique properties attractive for vaccine development, they have been progressively implemented as antigen delivery platforms and immune... (Review)
Review
As nanoparticles exhibit unique properties attractive for vaccine development, they have been progressively implemented as antigen delivery platforms and immune potentiators. Recently, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles have provided a novel approach for intercepting and neutralizing bacterial toxins by leveraging their natural affinity to cellular membranes. Such toxin-nanoparticle assemblies, termed nanotoxoids, allow rapid loading of different types of toxins and have been investigated for their ability to effectively confer protection against bacterial infection. This topical review will cover the current progress in antibacterial vaccine nanoformulations and highlight the nanotoxoid platform as a novel class of nanoparticulate vaccine. We aim to provide insights into the potential of nanotoxoids as a platform that is facile to implement and can be broadly applied to help address the rising threat of super pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Vaccines; Cell Membrane; Humans; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Toxoids; Vaccination; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 29241006
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00692 -
Expert Review of Vaccines Jul 2019: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. The dramatic increase in microbial resistance to third-generation cephalosporin and... (Review)
Review
: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. The dramatic increase in microbial resistance to third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem 'front line' antimicrobial agents and the paucity of new antimicrobials have left clinicians with few therapeutic options and resulted in increased morbidity and mortality. Vaccines may reduce the incidence of infections thereby reducing the necessity for antimicrobials and are not subject to antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. : We review whole cell, subunit, capsular polysaccharide (CPS), O polysaccharide (OPS) and conjugate vaccines against KP infection, as well as alternative KP vaccine platforms. : Vaccine-induced antibodies to KP CPS have been protective in preclinical studies, but the number of CPS types (>77) makes vaccines against this virulence factor less feasible. Since four OPS serotypes account of ~80% of invasive KP infections and anti-OPS antibodies are also protective in preclinical studies, both OPS-based conjugate and multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccines are in active development. Vaccines based on other KP virulence factors, such as outer membrane proteins, type 3 fimbriae (MrkA) and siderophores are at earlier stages of development. Novel strategies for the clinical testing of KP vaccines need to be developed.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Cross Infection; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 31250679
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1635460 -
Virulence Dec 2022Severe influenza complications are often caused by infection, which presents the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. We evaluated in a mouse model an...
Severe influenza complications are often caused by infection, which presents the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. We evaluated in a mouse model an associated virus-bacterial vaccine based on seasonal live influenza vaccines (LAIV) and chimeric protein comprising flagellin (PSPF). Intranasal immunization of mice with a complex of trivalent LAIV and PSPF caused an increased release of early cytokines in the lungs of mice. The immunogenicity of LAIV and PSPF in the associated vaccine composition was sometimes decreased compared to each vaccine preparation alone. Nevertheless, only vaccination of mice with LAIV+PSPF significantly reduced lethality and the bacterial load in the lungs in a model of post-influenza bacterial pneumonia. The study of the interactions of influenza viruses with bacterial peptides is important during the development of associated virus-bacterial vaccines intended for the prevention of severe post-influenza bacterial complications.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Mice; Peptides; Pneumococcal Infections; Satellite Viruses; Seasons; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 35266442
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2049496 -
Vaccine Oct 2023In 2019, the 3 + 1 schedule for children's vaccination (2-4-6-18 months old) was changed for a reduced 2 + 1 schedule (2-4-12 months old) in Quebec, Canada. We... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
In 2019, the 3 + 1 schedule for children's vaccination (2-4-6-18 months old) was changed for a reduced 2 + 1 schedule (2-4-12 months old) in Quebec, Canada. We compared the post-booster anti-pertussis and anti-pneumococcus IgG antibody concentrations among children of Tdap-vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers for different vaccine schedules and vaccine formulations.
METHODS
We conducted an observational cohort study. An invitation letter to potential participants was provided during a routine vaccination visit. Children's blood samples were analyzed post-booster at 13 (2 + 1 schedule) or 19 (3 + 1 schedule) months of age for antibodies against pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN)) and pneumococcal antigens (serotypes 4, 18C, 19A, and 19F). IgG concentrations among children of Tdap-vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers for each vaccination schedule were compared using geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and GMC ratios (GMRs), adjusting for potentially immune-response-influencing factors (aGMR). Serotype-specific pneumococcal seroprotection rates were also compared.
RESULTS
A total of 360 children were included for pertussis analysis and 248 for pneumococcal analysis. For the 2 + 1 schedule, 13-month-old children of Tdap-vaccinated mothers had lower GMCs against PT, FHA, and PRN, with aGMR (95 %CI) of 0.77 (0.65-0.90), 0.66 (0.55-0.79), 0.72 (0.52-0.99), respectively. For the 3 + 1 schedule, at 19 months old, the interference appeared to be attenuated (higher aGMR values). GMCs against PT were slightly higher in the 3 + 1 than the 2 + 1 schedule: 126.5 IU/ml vs 91.6 IU/ml; aGMR = 1.27. GMCs against PT, FHA and PRN were slightly higher among children who received Infanrix hexa® compared to those who received Pediacel® at 12 months old. For pneumococcal antibodies, at 13 months old, there was no strong evidence of immune interference in children of Tdap-vaccinated mothers.
CONCLUSION
Infant vaccination schedule may influence immune interference associated with maternal Tdap vaccination. More studies are needed to assess the clinical impact of this interference on children's protection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Cohort Studies; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines; Immunization Schedule; Pertussis Toxin; Pertussis Vaccine; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 37816653
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.063 -
Medical Principles and Practice :... 2020Asthma is a cause of substantial burden of disease in the world, including both premature deaths and reduced quality of life. A leading hypothesis to explain the... (Review)
Review
Asthma is a cause of substantial burden of disease in the world, including both premature deaths and reduced quality of life. A leading hypothesis to explain the worldwide increase of asthma is the "hygiene hypothesis," which suggests that the increase in the prevalence of asthma is due to the reduction in exposure to infections/microbial antigens. In allergic asthma, the most common type of asthma, antigen-specific T helper (Th)2 and Th17 cells and their cytokines are primary mediators of the pathological consequences. In contrast, Th1 and T regulatory (Treg) cells and their cytokines play a protective role. This article aims to review the information on the effect of mycobacteria and their antigens in modulating Th2/Th17 responses towards Th1/Treg responses and protection against asthma in humans and animal models.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Asthma; BCG Vaccine; Bacterial Vaccines; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Mycobacterium; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 32422630
DOI: 10.1159/000508719 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2017The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from eukaryotes has gained strong interest in recent years. However, research into the therapeutic application of... (Review)
Review
The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from eukaryotes has gained strong interest in recent years. However, research into the therapeutic application of their bacterial counterparts, known as bacterial membrane vesicles, is only just beginning to be appreciated. Membrane vesicles (MVs) from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria offer significant advantages in therapeutic development, including large-scale, cost effective production and ease of molecular manipulation to display foreign antigens. The nanoparticle size of MVs enables their dissemination through numerous tissue types, and their natural immunogenicity and self-adjuvanting capability can be harnessed to induce both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in vaccine design. Moreover, the ability to target MVs to specific tissues through the display of surface receptors raises their potential use as targeted MV-based anti-cancer therapy. This review discusses recent advances in MV research with particular emphasis on exciting new possibilities for the application of MVs in therapeutic design.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Vaccines; Bioengineering; Cancer Vaccines; Extracellular Vesicles; Genetic Engineering; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Neoplasms
PubMed: 28621731
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061287 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Apr 2014The present uncertainty of which live viral or bacterial vaccines can be given to immunodeficient patients and the growing neglect of societal adherence to routine... (Review)
Review
The present uncertainty of which live viral or bacterial vaccines can be given to immunodeficient patients and the growing neglect of societal adherence to routine immunizations has prompted the Medical Advisory Committee of the Immune Deficiency Foundation to issue recommendations based on published literature and the collective experience of the committee members. These recommendations address the concern for immunodeficient patients acquiring infections from healthy subjects who have not been immunized or who are shedding live vaccine-derived viral or bacterial organisms. Such transmission of infectious agents can occur within the hospital, clinic, or home or at any public gathering. Collectively, we define this type of transmission as close-contact spread of infectious disease that is particularly relevant in patients with impaired immunity who might have an infection when exposed to subjects carrying vaccine-preventable infectious diseases or who have recently received a live vaccine. Immunodeficient patients who have received therapeutic hematopoietic stem transplantation are also at risk during the time when immune reconstitution is incomplete or while they are receiving immunosuppressive agents to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease. This review recommends the general education of what is known about vaccine-preventable or vaccine-derived diseases being spread to immunodeficient patients at risk for close-contact spread of infection and describes the relative risks for a child with severe immunodeficiency. The review also recommends a balance between the need to protect vulnerable subjects and their social needs to integrate into society, attend school, and benefit from peer education.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Vaccines; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Vaccines, Live, Unattenuated; Viral Vaccines; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 24582311
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.043 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jan 2013Over the last century, the successful attenuation of multiple bacterial and viral pathogens has led to an effective, robust and safe form of vaccination. Recently, these... (Review)
Review
Over the last century, the successful attenuation of multiple bacterial and viral pathogens has led to an effective, robust and safe form of vaccination. Recently, these vaccines have been evaluated as delivery vectors for heterologous antigens, as a means of simultaneous vaccination against two pathogens. The general consensus from published studies is that these vaccine vectors have the potential to be both safe and efficacious. However, some of the commonly employed vectors, for example Salmonella and adenovirus, often have pre-existing immune responses in the host and this has the potential to modify the subsequent immune response to a vectored antigen. This review examines the literature on this topic, and concludes that for bacterial vectors there can in fact, in some cases, be an enhancement in immunogenicity, typically humoral, while for viral vectors pre-existing immunity is a hindrance for subsequent induction of cell-mediated responses.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Drug Carriers; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 23175507
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Dec 2018Bacterial infections have been traditionally controlled by antibiotics and vaccines, and these approaches have greatly improved health and longevity. However, multiple...
Bacterial infections have been traditionally controlled by antibiotics and vaccines, and these approaches have greatly improved health and longevity. However, multiple stakeholders are declaring that the lack of new interventions is putting our ability to prevent and treat bacterial infections at risk. Vaccine and antibiotic approaches still have the potential to address this threat. Innovative vaccine technologies, such as reverse vaccinology, novel adjuvants, and rationally designed bacterial outer membrane vesicles, together with progress in polysaccharide conjugation and antigen design, have the potential to boost the development of vaccines targeting several classes of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, new approaches to deliver small-molecule antibacterials into bacteria, such as hijacking active uptake pathways and potentiator approaches, along with a focus on alternative modalities, such as targeting host factors, blocking bacterial virulence factors, monoclonal antibodies, and microbiome interventions, all have potential. Both vaccines and antibacterial approaches are needed to tackle the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and both areas have the underpinning science to address this need. However, a concerted research agenda and rethinking of the value society puts on interventions that save lives, by preventing or treating life-threatening bacterial infections, are needed to bring these ideas to fruition.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Vaccines; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Medical Overuse
PubMed: 30559181
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717160115